1.       Aydemir Y, Aydemir O, Dinleyici M, Saglik AC, Cam D, Kaya TB, Canpolat FE. Screening for functional gastrointestinal disorders in preterm infants up to 12 months of corrected age: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 May;183(5):2091-2099.

2.       Baaleman DF, Wegh CAM, de Leeuw TJM, van Etten-Jamaludin FS, Vaughan EE, Schoterman MHC, Belzer C, Smidt H, Tabbers MM, Benninga MA, Koppen IJN. What are Normal Defecation Patterns in Healthy Children up to Four Years of Age? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pediatr. 2023 Oct;261:113559.

3.       Bacarreza-Nogales DV, Ruiz-Castillo MA, Cázares-Méndez JM, Chávez-Barrera JA, Fernández-Ortiz SJ, Guillén-Chávez A, Hernández-Vez G, López-Ugalde MV, Montijo-Barrios E, Toro-Monjaraz E, Trauernicht-Mendieta S, Garza J, Rodríguez L. The consensus of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología on the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed). 2024 Apr-Jun;89(2):265-279.

4.       Bellaiche M, Oozeer R, Gerardi-Temporel G, Faure C, Vandenplas Y. Multiple functional gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in formula-fed infants and decrease their quality of life. Acta Paediatr. 2018 Jul;107(7):1276-1282.

5.       Benninga MA, Faure C, Hyman PE, St James Roberts I, Schechter NL, Nurko S. Childhood Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Neonate/Toddler. Gastroenterology. 2016 Feb 15: S0016-5085(16)00182-7.

6.       Biagioli E, Tarasco V, Lingua C, Moja L, Savino F. Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 16;9(9):CD009999.

7.       Brazelton TB. Crying in infancy. Pediatrics. 1962 Apr;29:579-88.

8.     Chia LW, Nguyen TVH, Phan VN, Luu TTN, Nguyen GK, Tan SY, Rajindrajith S, Benninga MA. Prevalence and risk factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Vietnamese infants and young children. BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 27;22(1):315.

9.       Chogle A, Velasco-Benitez CA, Koppen IJ, Moreno JE, Ramírez Hernández CR, Saps M. A Population-Based Study on the Epidemiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Young Children. J Pediatr. 2016 Dec;179:139-143.e1.

10.   de Geus A, Koppen IJN, Flint RB, Benninga MA, Tabbers MM. An Update of Pharmacological Management in Children with Functional Constipation. Paediatr Drugs. 2023 May;25(3):343-358.

11.   Gordon M, de Geus A, Banasiuk M, Benninga MA, Borrelli O, Boruta M, Darbari A, Dore-Stites D, Gould M, Hawa J, Jones KB, Khlevner J, Kilgore A, Mousa H, Nurko S, Sinopoulou V, Tabbers M, Thapar N. ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN 2024 protocol for paediatric functional constipation treatment guidelines (standard operating procedure). BMJ Paediatr Open. 2025 Feb 4;9(1):e003161.

12.  Haiden N, Savino F, Hill S, Kivelä L, De Koning B, Kӧglmeier J, et al. Infant formulas for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders: A position paper of the ESPGHAN Nutrition Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2024 Jul 1;79(1):168–80.

13.   Hofman D, Kudla U, Miqdady M, Nguyen TVH, Morán-Ramos S, Vandenplas Y. Faecal Microbiota in Infants and Young Children with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 25;14(5):974

14.   Indrio F, Enninger A, Aldekhail W, Al-Ghanem G, Al-Hussaini A, Al-Hussaini B, Al-Refaee F, Al-Said K, Eid B, Faysal W, Hijazeen R, Isa HMA, Onkarappa D, Rawashdeh M, Rohani P, Sokhn M. Management of the Most Common Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infancy: The Middle East Expert Consensus. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2021 Jul;24(4):325-336.

15.   Karrento K, Rosen JM, Tarbell SE, Issenman RM, Gelfand AA, Gamboa H, Parikh S, Adams K, Wiercioch W, Li BUK. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition 2025 guidelines for management of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025 Jun;80(6):1028-1061.

16.   Li Buk. Cyclic vomiting syndrome. In: Talley NJ, Heyman MB, Hoppin AG, editors. UpToDate [Internet]. Waltham (MA): UpToDate, Inc.; Literature review current through: September 2025. Topic last updated: August 7, 2024.

17.   Machado NC, Dias JT, Hercos GN, Weber TK, de Assis Carvalho M. Pediatric Functional Constipation in Clinical Practice: The Continuous Search for the Light at the End of the Tunnel. Arch Gastroenterol Res. 2023;4(1):43-51.

18.   Mai T, Fatheree NY, Gleason W, Liu Y, Rhoads JM. Infantile Colic: New Insights into an Old Problem. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018 Dec;47(4):829-844.

19.   Maladkar M, Patil S, Patel S. Revisiting infantile colic: Modern approaches to an age-old challenge. Int. J. Pediatr. Neonatology 2025;7(1):90–3.

20.   Martin MG, Thiagarajah JR. Overview of the causes of chronic diarrhea in children in resource-abundant settings[Internet]. Waltham (MA): UpToDate; 2024 Oct 8 [cited 2025 Oct 19]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com

21.   Ouald Chaib A, Levy EI, Ouald Chaib M, Vandenplas Y. The influence of the gastrointestinal microbiome on infant colic. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Oct;14(10):919-932.

22.   Park UJ, Jeong HI, Kim KH. Comparison of Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Infant Crying: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pharmacopuncture. 2023 Dec 31;26(4):285-297.

23.   Quitadamo P, Staiano A. Clinical Picture of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children [Internet]. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease - Theory and Research. IntechOpen; 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82453

24.   Rosen R, Vandenplas Y, Singendonk M, Cabana M, DiLorenzo C, Gottrand F, Gupta S, Langendam M, Staiano A, Thapar N, Tipnis N, Tabbers M. Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Clinical Practice Guidelines: Joint Recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018 Mar;66(3):516-554.

25.   Salvatore S, Abkari A, Cai W, Catto-Smith A, Cruchet S, Gottrand F, Hegar B, Lifschitz C, Ludwig T, Shah N, Staiano A, Szajewska H, Treepongkaruna S, Vandenplas Y. Review shows that parental reassurance and nutritional advice help to optimise the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants. Acta Paediatr. 2018 Sep;107(9):1512-1520.

26.   Salvatore S, Baldassarre ME, Di Mauro A, Laforgia N, Tafuri S, Bianchi FP, Dattoli E, Morando L, Pensabene L, Meneghin F, Dilillo D, Mancini V, Talarico V, Tandoi F, Zuccotti G, Agosti M. Neonatal Antibiotics and Prematurity Are Associated with an Increased Risk of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in the First Year of Life. J Pediatr. 2019 Sep 212:44-51.

27.   Salvatore S, Savino F, Singendonk M, Tabbers M, Benninga MA, Staiano A, Vandenplas Y. Thickened infant formula: What to know. Nutrition. 2018 May; 49:51-56.

28.   Skjeie H, Skonnord T, Brekke M, Klovning A, Fetveit A, Landgren K, Hallström IK, Brurberg KG. Acupuncture treatments for infantile colic: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of blinding test validated randomised controlled trials. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2018 Mar;36(1):56-69.

29.   Sood MR, Li BUK, Hoppin AG. Constipation in infants and children: Evaluation. UpToDate [Internet]. Waltham (MA): UpToDate, Inc.; Literature review current through: September 2025. Topic last updated: November 27, 2023.

30.   Steutel NF, Zeevenhooven J, Scarpato E, Vandenplas Y, Tabbers MM, Staiano A, Benninga MA. Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in European Infants and Toddlers. J Pediatr. 2020 Jun; 221:107-114.

31.   Szajewska H, Berni Canani R, Domellöf M, Guarino A, Hojsak I, Indrio F, Lo Vecchio A, Mihatsch WA, Mosca A, Orel R, Salvatore S, Shamir R, van den Akker CHP, van Goudoever JB, Vandenplas Y, Weizman Z; ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. Probiotics for the Management of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders: Position Paper of the ESPGHAN Special Interest Group on Gut Microbiota and Modifications. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2023 Feb 1;76(2):232-247.

32.   Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, Faure C, Langendam MW, Nurko S, Staiano A, Vandenplas Y, Benninga MA; European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014 Feb;58(2):258-74.

33.   Toca MDC, Balbarrey S, Bastianelli C, Guzmán L, Leta K. Functional gastrointestinal disorders. How to manage them without medication. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2022 Oct;120(5):346-353.

34.   Tran DL, Sintusek P. Functional constipation in children: What physicians should know. World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Feb 28;29(8):1261-1288.

35.   Turner, T. L., Palamountain, S., Augustyn, M., & Tehrani, N. (2025, January 9). Infantile colic: Management and outcome. UpToDate. Literature review current through September 2025. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com

36.   van Tilburg MA, Hyman PE, Walker L, Rouster A, Palsson OS, Kim SM, Whitehead WE. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr. 2015 Mar;166(3):684-9.

37.   Vandenplas Y, Broekaert I, Domellöf M, Indrio F, Lapillonne A, Pienar C, Ribes-Koninckx C, Shamir R, Szajewska H, Thapar N, Thomassen RA, Verduci E, West C. An ESPGHAN Position Paper on the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Cow's Milk Allergy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2024 Feb;78(2):386-413

38.   Vandenplas Y, Hauser B, Salvatore S. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infancy: Impact on the Health of the Infant and Family. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2019 May;22(3):207-216.

39.   Vandenplas Y, Ludwig T, Szajewska H, editors. Gut Health in Early Life: Implications and Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley; 2015. p. 74.

40.   Vandenplas Y, Orsi M, Benninga M, Gatcheco F, Rosen R, Thomson M. Infant gastroesophageal reflux disease management consensus. Acta Paediatr. 2024 Mar;113(3):403-410.

41.   Velasco-Benitez C, Velasco D, Balda A, Arrizabalo S, Saps M. Prevalence of functional diarrhea in children and adolescents. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2025 Jan;37(1):e14950.

42.   Vik T, Grote V, Escribano J, Socha J, Verduci E, Fritsch M, Carlier C, von Kries R, Koletzko B; European Childhood Obesity Trial Study Group. Infantile colic, prolonged crying and maternal postnatal depression. Acta Paediatr. 2009 Aug;98(8):1344-8.

43.   Wessel MA, Cobb JC, Jackson EB, Harris GS Jr, Detwiler AC. Paroxysmal fussing in infancy, sometimes called colic. Pediatrics 1954; 14:421-35.

44.   Zeevenhooven J, Koppen IJ, Benninga MA. The New Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2017 Mar;20(1):1-13.